Cancer
Understanding cancer, how it develops, & how we can help you detect and treat it early.
What Is Cancer? ​
Cancer occurs when normal cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a mass or tumour. These abnormal cells may invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body (a process called metastasis). Because cancer can develop silently at first, early detection plays a major role in improving outcomes and survival.
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Causes & Risk Factors
Cancer is influenced by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, environmental, and biological factors. Common risk factors include:
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Family history of cancer
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Smoking and tobacco use
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Unhealthy diet and obesity
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Exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation
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Chronic infections (e.g., HPV, hepatitis B or C)
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Age and long-term inflammation
Having one or more risk factors does not mean you will develop cancer — but it does mean screening and awareness are important.
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Common Symptoms & Early Warning Signs
Cancer symptoms vary depending on the organ affected, but common warning signs include:
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Unexplained weight loss
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Persistent fatigue
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Lumps or swelling
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Unexplained pain
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Persistent cough or difficulty swallowing
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Unusual bleeding or discharge
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Changes in bowel or bladder habits
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Skin changes, including new or changing moles
If you notice any of these symptoms, consider speaking to a doctor for further evaluation.
Importance of Screening
Screening helps detect cancer before symptoms appear — when treatment is most effective. At TLJ Cancer Centre,
we encourage regular screening for individuals with risk factors or those aged above recommended guidelines.
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Common screening tests include:
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Mammogram for breast cancer
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Pap smear & HPV testing for cervical cancer
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Colonoscopy for colorectal cancer
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Low-dose CT scan for lung cancer (especially for smokers)
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Prostate screening for men above 50 or higher risk groups
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It is recommended to speak to a specialist to find out which screening tests are suitable for you.
How Cancer Is Diagnosed
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining the right treatment plan. We offer a range of advanced diagnostic services:
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Diagnostic Imaging
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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – Detailed images of soft tissues such as the brain, spine, liver, and pelvis.
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CT Scan (Computed Tomography) – Fast and effective imaging for detecting tumours, bleeding, and organ abnormalities.
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PET-CT Scan – Combines metabolic and anatomical imaging to detect active cancer cells and assess cancer spread.
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Ultrasound – Safe, radiation-free imaging for organs like the abdomen, pelvis, thyroid, and breast.
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Laboratory & Pathology
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Blood tests
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Tumour markers
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Biopsy (tissue sampling for microscopic analysis)
With a clear diagnosis, our specialists can determine cancer stage, treatment options, and prognosis.